Congressional Resolution

Freedmen Descendants of the 5 Civilized Tribes, Incorporated of Kansas will seek a Congressional Resolution to correct the abundant problems occurring within the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, The Secretary of the Interior, The Office of Tribal Justice, The Secretary of Treasury and the Tribal Governments of the Five Civilized Tribes, in their downhill relationship with Freedmen Descendants of the Five Civilized Tribes. The Congressional Resolution has been launched with the intent of Condemning and Dismantling Any Corruption, Abuse of Power, Racial Discrimination, Violation of Federally Protected Rights (Especially those which are fixed and set by the Treaties of 1866), Failure to Protect the Rights of Indigenous Native American Citizens of the Freedmen Class, Unequal Federal Recognition, Application, Enforcement and Access to Federally Mandated Programs In Law and Equity for Federally Recognized Native American Citizens and Ethnic Exclusion, Exclusionary Policies and Procedural Systems (implemented in conformity with such Laws) which appear orchestrated and/or upheld by the Sovereign Entities to Annihilate the Ethnic Class of Indian Citizen known as "Freedmen.“

The discovery of this ugly American shame has been uncovered through: Educational Research and Activities of the Sovereign Unified Collective of Freedmen Descendants of the Five Civilized Tribes and other Agencies, Corporations and Individuals who are educating the Freedmen Class of Indian Citizen, and lawmakers about the Indian Freedmen and Federally Protected Rights granted to them by the Treaties of 1866.

Spurred on in part by the Freedmen Allotments and Homesteads built by their Freedmen Ancestors at the turn of the Century, which have been stolen, titles transfred to unknown parties due to the lack of protection of such lands.

Because of the denial of access to Federally Mandated Programs through their Tribal Governments, Freedmen of the 5 Civilized Tribes are disallowed access to programs and funds that would assist them in protecting their Sacred Burial Grounds, and Funerary and Cultural Artifacts which are being scavenged, pillaged, looted and allowed to Disintegrate without the Federal Protections of Programs such as NAGPRA, which are received by “Blood Roll” Indians. Freedmen Towns and Historical Places are without markers and disappearing at an alarming rate. The current Laws and rules of Citizenship of the Tribal Governments of the Five Civilized Tribes, have made it impossible to place Freedmen Representatives (as provided for in the Treaties of 1866) in place, to ensure that these and other Freedmen Social, Legal and Political Issues and Concerns are addressed. Without the equal representation of Indian Freedmen in each Tribal Nation to protect our cultural Interests, all remaining traces of Freedmen History, Culture and Indigenous Existence will be vanquished and rendered extinct forever, and “Freedmen” do not want to believe that it was the will of this U.S. Congress that this ethnic class of Indian Citizens and their History be forever extinguished.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, The Secretary of the Interior, The Office of Tribal Justice and The Sovereign Governments of the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek and Seminole Nations of Indians) of Oklahoma, are under fire from Freedmen Representatives for the Unequal Recognition, Enforcement, Application and Distribution of the Federally Protected Rights, Benefits and Services conferred to Native Americans through written contractual agreements known as the Treaties of 1866, negotiated between the High Contracting Parties of the U.S. Government and the Five Sovereign Tribal Governments known as the Five Civilized Tribes. The Indian Freedmen and Their Descendants were included in specified, clear, concise and distinctive language within the four Treaties of 1866, as were Delaware, the Kansas Indians, and Adopted Citizens; of which the current Tribal Governments and Citizens alike derive their benefits to date and is the basis of which their Modern Tribal Constitutions rests upon.

The Unified Collective of Freedmen Descendants of the 5 Civilized Tribes, recognizes, that the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, Secretary of the Interior, Secretary of Treasury, The Office of Tribal Justice, and The Sovereign Governments of the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek and Seminole Nations) may not be sued by Individuals because of their Sovereign Status. However, each is still subject to the Plenary Powers of the United States Congress, who, as Agents of the People of the United States, must enforce compliance with Treaty Obligations equally and without discrimination, and disallow Federal Agents, Delegates, Agencies, Officers, States Parties Governments or Nations under guardianship status and/or under its jurisdiction to continue to Operate as Sovereign Entities so long they are in open conflict with U.S. Constitutional or Civil Laws (or under Discriminatory Policies and Procedural Systems implemented in concert with the upholding of such Laws). As each of the aforementioned Federal Agencies, and Tribal Governments of the Five Civilized Tribes have adopted Racially Discriminatory and Ethnic Exclusionary Laws, Rules, Policies and Procedural Systems that have apparently allowed them to abrogate the portions of the Treaties of 1866 referring to Indian “Freedmen“, and are injurious to and against the Constitutional and Civil Rights of the Dependent Minority Ethnic Class of Indian Citizens as they surge forward in their self determined efforts to exist as a class imbued with all the Rights, Privileges, Immunities and Protections conferred upon Indian Freedmen and their Descendants.

This Congress has been invested within its Plenary Powers the authority to make recommendations that would cause the President of the United States to remove the Sovereignty of Tribal Governments operating in open conflict with the laws of the United States Constitution and/or that which infringes upon, or impedes to the detriment, endangerment or extinction of Indigenous Species and/or Citizens, who may be rendered so, by the willful and conscious action of the said Federal Agents, Agencies, Entities, States Parties, Nations or Governments under it’s jurisdiction and who are subject to the Plenary Powers of the Congress of the United States.

Federal Agents, Agencies, Entities, States Parties, Nations or Governments, under Guardianship Status and/or Jurisdiction of the Plenary Powers of Congress, should therefore be required by Congress Per Resolution, to operate in compliance with Treaty Obligations Equally and Without Discrimination, Immediately to retain Sovereign Status or be subject to Congressional Recommendation and Presidential Termination or Extinguishment of their Treaty Status, that shall only be restored when Congress and the people of the United States are satisfied by demonstration, visualization and action, that cures have been made which fix the defects in Laws and Equity, (and that of the implementation of Policies or Procedural Systems of such Laws) which are not discriminatory and/or not in conflict with the Laws of the United States and do not impede upon, dismantle or attempt to extinguish the Protected Treaty Rights of Freedmen Classes of Indian Citizens to Exist in Peace and Harmony in their Self Determined Efforts to do so, without exclusion, alienation or annihilation of their Ethnic Class.

Equally, Congress must make recommendation that the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, Secretary of the Interior, and the Office of Tribal Justice’s Department Head Officials, who are at all times responsible of the actions of their employees, shall be replaced by Individuals taking seriously the Oath of their Office, in compliance with Federal Regulations, the Provisions of the Treaties of 1866, and the Constitutional and Civil Rights Laws of the United States, which require them to Equally Apply, Uphold and Protect the Rights, Privileges, Protections and Immunities of all such Indigenous Peoples, the mentioned, named and referred to Citizens and their Descendants, of Federally Recognized Tribes, Guaranteed such by the Treaties of 1866.

The Recommended Action of Removal of all such Department Heads shall be taken, upon the determination that the current Federal Department Heads are unable to accomplish such required actions, to execute duties of office during their tenure, without racial discrimination, ethnic exclusion and the unequal application, distribution and access of Treaty Rights to all Indian Citizens, as prescribed within the body of the Text of the Treaties. The above shall serve as the Congressional Reminder that Treaty Rights, Guarantees and Obligations must at all times be respected, conferred and distributed in Equity and Fairness, and in accordance with the Laws of the United States Constitution, and respective of the Civil Rights of those same Citizens in Equity and Fairness.

The system of checks and balances (upon which the U.S. Government is based) remains among this Country’s greatest assets and must be retained in order to maintain, regulate and to ensure that all laws are interpreted and received in all due equity, fairness and equality.

Freedmen Descendants of the 5 Civilized Tribes were not assigned Blood Quantum by the Dawes Commission, however, they were still considered Indian Citizens and were conferred Benefits, Privileges, Indian Land Allotments, and Rights, which like those of their "Blood Roll" kin, still survived the extinguishment of the Tribes. Although, the Seminole Freedmen feel that they were recently handed a defeat at the hands of 10th Circuit Court Judge Vicki Miles LaGrange, she still wrote in the rendering of her official decision, that the Seminole Freedmen were "recognized as Citizens" in 1866, and that the Freedmen should Sue the Seminole Nation for the violation of their Rights.

Freedmen Descendants of the 5 Civilized Tribes, Incorporated, A Kansas Registered 501(c)3 Native American Educational Foundation, is the only known Centralized Agency and Indian Freedmen Organization in existence offering it’s Members, upon documented proof of Genealogically Researched Lineal Descent from Freedmen Ancestor’s enumerated on the Dawes Indian Citizenship Rolls, A Certification by the Organization and issued a Certificate of Degree of Indian Heritage that should be used as a legitimate Instrument and/or Vehicle by which the Individual Tribal Governments of the Five Civilized Tribes, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, Secretary of the Interior, Office of Tribal Justice and This Congress may use, for the determination of all Legal Freedmen Descendant Beneficiaries of Federally Mandated Rights, Privileges, and Protections conferred to them by the Treaties of 1866. Black Indians United Legal Defense and Educational Fund, is an Advocacy Ally of the Freedmen Descendants of the 5 Civilized Tribes, Incorporated; this organization is comprised of Freedmen Descendants of the 5 Civilized Tribes who have not yet completed their documented proof of Lineal Descent from Freedmen Ancestors enumerated upon the Dawes Indian Citizenship Rolls, and other Indian Freedmen Supporters and Individuals not affiliated with Tribal Membership, Agencies, and Corporate Entities having an interest and desire to assist Indian Freedmen in attaining equal justice under the law.

The Administrative Officers of the Freedmen Descendants of the 5 Civilized Tribes, Incorporated contend that the Sovereign Unified Collective of Indian Freedmen are not trying to invade the Citizenship Rolls of the so-called “Blood Roll” Indians. Nor, are they trying to “Force” the Nations to assign them a “Blood Quantum” (not withstanding the retroactive adjudication of the rightful claims of the Descendants of Equity Case #7071, which remains unresolved to this date), nor are they trying to repeal their “Sovereign” Status. Rather, Indian Freedmen Repudiate the position of outdated Racist Ideology of Discrimination based on Ethnic Origin and Previous Condition of Servitude, which has been Abolished and Made Illegal by the United States Government. Freedmen will no longer allow the U.S. Government Agencies under its Jurisdiction to continue to operate Overtly in Practiced Racial Discrimination and Suppression of the Ethnic Class of Freedmen Citizen, in open violation, conflict and contrary to United States Constitution, Civil Rights and International Laws; because of the Assignment of our Ancestors and their Descendants on the Dawes Commission Indian Citizenship Rolls under the “Freedmen” Classification.

Our Ancestors and their Descendants were ascribed such Rights, Immunities, Privileges and Protections as Indian Citizens known as “Freedmen”, “Persons of African Descent,” “Free Persons of Color” and by “Adoption”, in the four Treaties of 1866 negotiated by the U.S. Government and the Tribal Governments of the Five Civilized Tribes, despite their Ethnic Origin and despite their previous condition of servitude.

The Treaties have not been changed, so the onus is on the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, The Secretary of the Interior, The Office of Tribal Justice and the Tribal Governments of the Five Civilized Tribes, its responsible Agencies and Officers, to dispense with Racial Discrimination, Ethnic Exclusion and for the illegal abrogation of Contractually Agreed Upon Treaty Rights and Obligations of the Treaties of 1866, inured and specified for benefit of Freedmen Descendants of the Five Civilized Tribes, since according to Title 25, Chapter 3, Subchapter I, Sec. 71- Future treaties with Indian tribes, states; “ no obligation of any treaty lawfully made and ratified with any such Indian nation or tribe prior to March 3, 1871, shall be hereby invalidated or impaired.

And of Title 25, Chapter 3, Subchapter I, Sec. 72- Abrogation of treaties, states; that “only “the President is authorized“ to declare all treaties with such tribe abrogated”. However, even then it is qualified that such action must “be done consistently with good faith and legal and national obligations”

The Sovereign Collective of Indian Freedmen puts the following questions before this Congress, as a part of the Resolution; “Since the President has not abrogated the Treaty in regards to Indian Freedmen “consistently with good faith”, what Legal and National Obligation has presented itself which gives credence to justify Discrimination (or even the continued Discrimination) against the specific class of Freedmen Indian Citizen?”

And,

“If the President of the United States has not himself Discriminated Against the Freedmen Indian Citizens, ordered that they be discriminated against and/or snatched away our Treaty Rights because of our Ethnic Origin and Previous Condition of Servitude, then who or what has imbued itself with the authority to have given the Bureau of Indian Affairs, The Department of the Interior, The Secretary of the Interior, and the Office of Tribal Justice and the Sovereign Tribal Governments of the 5 Civilized Tribes, the right to abrogate the Treaties of 1866 to the Ethnic Exclusion of Indian Freedmen and their descendants based on their Ethnic Origin and their Previous Condition of Servitude?”

As previously stated, no credible justification has been given for the gross violation of the Legal Treaty, Constitutional and Civil Rights of Indian Freedmen and Their Descendants (besides the irrational, "no listed blood quantum" and the previous condition of servitude of Indian "Freedmen" as evidenced by their having been placed on the "Freedmen" Citizenship Rolls).It has been illegal since the 1965 Civil Rights Act, for a States Party, Federal Agency, Officer, Agent, Entity, Nation or Government under the guardianship Status or Jurisdiction of the U.S. Federal Government to Discriminate Against anyone based on their Ethnic Origin and/or Previous Condition of Servitude.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, Secretary of the Interior, Office of Tribal Justice and the Sovereign Nations of the 5 Civilized Tribes, have apparently decided that the Absence of Blood Quantum on Citizenship documents decided more than 30 years after the Freedmen had already been conferred Citizenship, Benefits, and Land Allotments by Legal Instrument in the separate Treaties of 1866, was going to be their modern criteria for the denial of the Legally Enforceable Treaty Rights guaranteed to Indian Freedmen and their Descendants. The Indian Freedmen were denied a Blood Quantum assignment because of their Perceived Ethnic Origin; however, they were still included as Indian Citizens, which is why they are on the Dawes Rolls. In reality, the two documents have nothing to do with each other, outside of being able to link our ancestors to such rolls, because these were the people Legal described as being Citizens of the Indian Nations, most of the Freedmen Descendants can also link their Ancestors to early rolls, primarily because they had to have been on such Citizenship rolls to be considered for the Dawes Commission Rolls. Many of Our Ancestors also have Testimonies and Affidavits, from other Blood Roll and Freedmen Citizens, Death and Heirship Records and Land Allotments and issued by the Tribes, attesting to their Citizenship. These records are readily accepted by the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Tribal Governments for the modern enrollment of "Blood Roll" Indians but are not equally accepted for modern enrollment of Indian "Freedmen." The Secretary of the Interior issued Citizenship documents to our ancestors as well.

The double and unequal standards are astonishing, in that no Federal Oversight Agency, to date, has ever required the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, Secretary of the Interior, Office of Tribal Justice or the Tribal Governments of the Five Civilized Tribes to publicly account for the callous unequal dismissal of the minority Ethnic Class of Indian Citizens.

The Federal Courts, incredulously, asked Indian Freedmen (who are not in possession of BIA or Tribal Government Records) to demonstrate to them how many Indian Freedmen were denied Citizenship. Indian Freedmen are across the United States. There is no way for One Specific Tribe's Freedmen Representative to demonstrate how many unknowable persons applied to the BIA for modern Citizenship. Rather, The Federal Courts were remiss and should have compelled the Central Federal Agencies responsible for the collection of such documentation, to demonstrate how many applications they had received from Indian Freedmen and how many such Individuals were Accepted, Rejected, Returned As Incomplete, Were placed in Dead Files, Had been indicated as Lost, Stolen or Strayed and what was the categorical criteria used for each determination. These types of Reports should be routinely shared with an Indian Freedmen Commission, or Indian Citizenship Oversight Committee composed of Freedmen, "Blood Roll" Indians, Genealogists, Scholars, Bureau of Indian Affairs Officials and the Governor of the Each State, as a disinterested Agent of the State that also has ties to the Federal Government. This would also help the Governor in determining his true State's Constituency.

Again, there is no credible defense for Violating the Portions of the Treaties of 1866, which pertain specifically to Indian Freedmen and their Descendants. Each of the Treaties allows for the Political Autonomy of Indian Freedmen Descendants, and confers unto them their own Leadership and Representatives and other specified rights.

There is established history of Black Indian Culture and Presence among the Tribes. Four Years after troubling the Ancient Inca in Peru, South America with his mentor Pizarro, the early Spanish Explorer Hernando De Soto came face to face with the Magnificent Black Mobilian Indian Chief Tuscaloosa (whose name is the Choctaw word for Black Warrior) in what was perhaps the greatest, most fierce battles fought on American Soil between Indigenous Black Indian Inhabitants and Alien Invaders. Tuscaloosa’s Black Indian Tribe was documented as having more than 10,000 members, with estimates of up to as many as 20,000 Indians, in the State of Mavilla, Alibamu (Mobil, Alabama). The Black Indians were known collectively as “Mobilians”, living in and around the vicinity of present day Mobile, Alabama.

Black Indians were nearly instantaneously slaughtered and burned to death, by De Soto and his men, along with countless measures of looted precious jewels (that De Soto had extorted from the Indigenous Black Indians and Tribes from Florida to Alabama) including all the Spaniard’s Equipment and Goods.

The narratives of De Soto’s surviving men tells of the nearly nine hour battle for their lives, and Luckily for Black Indians, Chief Tuscaloosa had instructed the Principal Indians (Prior to De Soto’s arrival) to Evacuate the Elderly Mobilian Tribesmen, Women and Children who escaped the slaughter and barbarity of the “Christians” to nearby villages and encampments, and of the wounded Mobilians that they cared for. There the Black Indians remained in Small clusters of Choctaw Bands and other Settlements, Encampments and Reservations. Nearly 160 years later, some of their descendants requested to live near the French Settlers. The French described them as “Mobilians”. These Black Indians and their descendants continued to live among the tribes, and were likely responsible for the high incidence and large amount of Black Indians found among the tribes. Once they lost their own villages and status (by the slaughter of De Soto and his men), it may have lowered the status of most of the remaining Indians and relegated them to Slavery among the Tribes, (it was not unusual for Indians to make Slaves of other Indians, in fact, that too, is documented in the De Soto Chronicles). They remained among the tribes until forced removal by the United States Government in the 1830’s.

After they Left the Choctaw town of Athahatchie, Chief Tuscaloosa had been deprived of his liberty and held hostage by De Soto and used as a tool for extorting the provision of goods and the services of Indian Slaves for his own pleasure. This angered one of the great Chief’s Principal Indians, and before his death at the hands of the Spaniards, said that his Chief (Tuscaloosa) was a person who “should no longer be deprived of his liberty, which he had been born into, as had his fathers’ before him.” There, among the words of the Mobilian’s brutal Conqueror’s, the words of an Indian they very shortly murdered, was itself the establishment of circumstances of the Indigenous Native Black Warrior Chief’s Heritage. Chief Tuscaloosa, the “Cacique” of a Tribe of upwards to 20,000 Black Indians, had been born free in the Americas “like his father’s before him.” This would place the Chief’s birth year at approximately 1500, since he was placed at 40 years of age in De Soto’s Chronicles.

Chunchula, Alabama (historic Chunehula) was a described small Choctaw Settlement or Reservation in Mobile County, not far away from historic Mavilla, set on the Chickasaw River.

The Town of Tuscaloosa, Alabama was named after the Great Black Indian Mobilian Chief. The Black Warrior River, in Alabama, is also an homage to the fallen Black Warriors. Once the Tribes removed to Oklahoma, the Choctaw Nation had an Indian Freedmen School Established called the Tuskaloosa Academy, which was built by the Indian Freedmen for their children (our ancestors), with funds procured on their behalf by the Choctaw Nation; paid to them from funds held in trust for the Indian Freedmen, by the Department of the Interior.

The records of our ancestor’s birth, marriage, divorce, death and heir-ship and Land Records are found among those of the Five Civilized Tribes, National Archives, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior and Bureau of Land Management, because our ancestors were not considered Citizens of the United States and as such, did not have their records maintained by the State of Oklahoma until after Statehood in 1907, and again because they were not U.S. Citizens, many of them did not begin to accrue State Records until after 1924, when Indians were conferred U.S. Citizenship by an Act of Congress.

Those Indian Citizens electing not to remove during or after the Trail of Tears were lucky if they were captured in State Census Records indicating their Indian Citizenship, though largely if they were Black Indians, they were simply identified as Black, Negro, Colored Mulatto or some other incomprehensible pencil genocide demarcation. Forever, removing all traces of their true ancestry.

The Department of the Interior documented communications between themselves and our Ancestors on a steady basis until they were dropped from the Census Records of the Indian Nations. A great many Freedmen however, reported that either they or their parent received Tribal Annuities until the 1970’s and then a sudden stop without explanation.

A great number of Indian Freedmen lost out on inherited Freedmen Allotments because of the Treaty breaking “Blood Quantum” requirements of Indian Citizenship and were refused ownership of their ancestor’s allotments because of low or absent blood quantum, and because of the twisted tangle of laws of descent. The rest were simply swindled by quiet title actions, leases and forfeitures of titles by absentee owners, and reclamation by the tribes. This was primarily due to a removal of protections in regards to Freedmen Allotments, on the part of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, The Secretary of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management and other agencies under their Jurisdiction, to provide notification of kin in equity and protection of their rights in regards to ownership. Such was the lot of unequal justice, Injustice and Discrimination heaped upon and brought against a largely poor and uneducated Freedmen populace.

The Freedmen Descendants of the 5 Civilized Tribes, Incorporated, A Sovereign Unified Collective of Freedmen Class of Indian Citizens, in their Congressional Resolution, is asking for Congress, the Governing Body of the People, who is ultimately responsible for compelling its Agencies, Institutions, States Parties, Entities and Nations under Guardianship Status and whom are subject to it's Plenary Powers; to investigate and bring forth Congressional Resolution, Declaratory Relief, Statements of Disclosure, Remedy and Reply: aimed at the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, the Secretary of The Interior, The Office of Tribal Justice and the Tribal Governments of the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek and Seminole Nations of Indians), in response to Corruption, Abuse of Power, Racial Discrimination, Violation of Federally Protected Rights (Especially that which is fixed and set by Treaty Rights) and Neglect and Failure in the commission of their collective Fiduciary Duties as Agents of the United States and of Stewardship Status to the Tribes they serve; to Protect the Inherent Rights of Indigenous Native American Citizens of the Freedmen Class from Disparate and Unequal Treatment in Federal Recognition, Application, Distribution, Enforcement and Access to Federally Mandated Programs In Equity for Federally Recognized Native American Citizens, arising from the Treaties of 1866 and the Laws of the United States Constitution and from provisions in the Treaties, which levy the same Specified Services, Social, Legal, Political Representation and Economic Development.

Freedmen Descendants of the Five Civilized Tribes, Incorporated of Kansas’ Spokespersons Eleanor Wyatt state they will Educate Agencies, Institutions, Organizations and Entities like the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior and the Tribal Governments of the Five Civilized Tribes, through Diversity Training, on the True History of Black Indians, so they will remember that Black Indians are Original Indigenous Native Americans and the Black Indian Freedmen Descendants come from perhaps what are the oldest known documented Cities in America and are Authors and Builders of the “Mother Mounds” throughout Native America and especially in the States of Mississippi and Alabama.

Oklahoma’s Dynamic Governor Brad Henry, issued a State Proclamation Recognizing Indian Freedmen of the 5 Civilized Tribes, and their Descendants, History, Culture and Contributions to the Development of the Great State of Oklahoma. Governor Henry also expressed Respect and Recognition of our Heritage by proclaiming the week of May 25^th through June 1, 2003 Freedmen Descendants of the Five Civilized Tribes Week.

Administrative Officers of Freedmen Descendants of the 5 Civilized Tribes, Incorporated have also consulted separately with University Representatives; Professor of Anthropology Michael Willard of Oklahoma State University, Dr. Daniel Littlefield, noted Choctaw and Chickasaw Historian and Author, Dr. James W. Johnson, Professor of African American History at Alabama A&M University, Anthony Gualtieri, of the Smithsonian Anacostia African American Museum in Washington, DC, and Barbara Finley, Executive Director of Southern Heights Heritage Center and Museum in Enid, the Official Oklahoma Black Indian History Repository of the Freedmen Descendants of the 5 Civilized Tribes, Incorporated. The consultations were held in expectancy of a prospect of the Inclusion of Black Indian History in Multi-Disciplinary Studies and Educational Programs in Primary, Secondary, College and University Levels of School Curriculum in the United States, as well as the expressed hope for Congressional Intervention, Initiatives, Encouragement, and Private Funding Mechanisms for Black Indian Research, Oral History Projects, Programs, Concepts, Ideas and Support which will better serve to help Save Our Disappearing History.

As part of our Congressional Resolution, we anticipate that Congress will facilitate the establishment of a Standing Indian Freedmen Commission, Department, Office, Oversight Committee of Indian Freedmen Affairs, from the Esteemed Scholars and Individuals mentioned within the body of this text, to collect its own compilation of Scholarly Historical Indian Freedmen Research, and from whom will also deliver it’s inaugural report, before this Congress prior to the close of the 19^th Congress, so that Congress, as the Representative of the People of the United States may generate information to its own satisfaction, enough to substantiate that Freedmen Descendants of the 5 Civilized Tribes are indeed, who we say we are, and to ensure that there shall be no mistake in the bestowal of a Congressional Resolution on behalf of Indian Freedmen of the 5 Civilized Tribes, who have Federally Protected Rights conferred to them by the Treaties of 1866, which may not be abrogated by Individuals, Officers, Agents, Agencies, Entities, States Governments or Nations under the Guardianship Status of the U.S. Government and Subject to the Plenary Powers of Congress, nor by Racial Discrimination, Ethnic Exclusion or Because of Previous Condition of Servitude.

We pray Congress will be forthcoming with the requested Congressional Resolution prior to the close of the 109^th Congress.

Freedmen Descendants of the 5 Civilized Tribes, Incorporated

Congressional Resolution

Recommendation List of Organizations, Scholars, Individuals for Proposed Indian Freedmen Commission:

Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson

Oklahoma Governor Brad Henry

Freedmen Descendants of the 5 Civilized Tribes, Incorporated

Eleanor Wyatt-Chairman

Dr. Celia Naylor Ojurongbe-Assistant Professor of History, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.

Dr. Tiya Miles-Assistant Professor of American Culture/Native American Studies Program, University of Michigan.

Dr. Circe Sturm-Associate Professor of Anthropology and Native American Studies, University of Oklahoma.

Dr. Claudio Saunt-Associate Professor of History, University of Georgia, Athens, Native American and Early American History and Author.

Dr. John Fuller-Professor of Electrical Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Texas, Prairie View Trail Riders Association, Seminole Indian Scouts Cemetery Association, Author.

Dr. Barbara Krauthamer-Assistant Professor History, New York University, History of Slavery and Emancipation in the Americas, Author.

Dr. Rosalyn Howard-Assistant Professor of Anthropology, University of Central Florida.

Dr. David Chang, University of Minnesota

Dr. Danney Gobel, University of Oklahoma, Author

Dr. Robert N. Miller-Historian, Cherokee, Small Business Owner.

Boe Glasschild-Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, Shaman, Author, Actor, President of ANASCA (Alliance of Native Americans of Southern California).

Dr. Michael Willard-Oklahoma State University

Dr. Daniel Littlefield-Director of Native American Press Archives, University of Arkansas.

Dr. James W. Johnson-Professor of African American Studies, History Department

Anthony Gualtieri-Representative Smithsonian Anacostia African American Museum, Washington, DC.