Superconducting Acccelerator Magnets:
Units 1,2,3
| The tutorial structure allows for multiple levels of content so that it
is of value to a broad range of people, including science students from
high school through graduate level, and technicians, engineers, and physicists
working in the field of superconducting magnets. |
- Basic concepts of all topics are presented before the technical details.
A short discussion of particle physics explains the need for high energy
accelerators.
|
- The overview of the functions, design issues, and construction of
accelerator magnets provides a comprehensive introduction to the subject.
The step by step construction process is shown with many video clips
and animations.
|
- Examples and problems (with answers) illustrate all numerical concepts.
|
- Interactive procedures to estimate magnetic fields in cosine-theta
type magnets will be useful to magnet designers as well as students.
|
- Magnet developers will also appreciate the convenient reference data
on major superconducting accelerator magnet designs and the interactive
retrieval of temperature and field dependendent parameters for materials
used in magnets.
|
The material is organized into five comprehensive units. Units 1 through 3
are available now. Units 4 and 5 are still under development and are described
on a separate page.
The content of the units is described in more detail:
Unit 1: Introduction to Magnets and Accelerators
- Introduction to particle physics and accelerator laboratories.
- Types of particle accelerators. Forces on charged particles in a magnetic
field.
- Characteristics of dipole and quadrupole magnets for accelerators and how
they act on particle beams.
- Function of principal parts of magnets. Field line diagrams for normal and
skew multipoles.
- Particle beam optics and the analogy between magnets and lenses. Aberrations
and errors in magnets and how they affect the beam.
- Introduction to superconductivity and the superconducting state. Types of
superconducting materials suitable for accelerator magnet application.
- Types of magnet designs used for accelerator dipoles. Description and data
for dipole magnets for RHIC, Tevatron, HERA, SSC, and LHC.
- Magnet construction and assembly procedures with videos of RHIC dipole construction
at Northrop Grumman and SSC dipole construction at FNAL.
- Factors affecting the choice between superconducting and resistive magnets
for accelerator applications.
- Magnet design issues, including structural, electrical insulation, coil
cooling, environmental effects, superconductor development.
- Other superconducting magnet applications with overview of Fusion, MagLev,
MHD, SMES and large detectors.
Unit 2: Superconductors for Accelerator Magnets
- Description of the manufacture of NbTi wire and Rutherford type cable.
- Short sample properties for NbTi materials. Empirical formula for computing
Jc at B and T. Calculation of expected magnet performance with
a given conductor.
- Properties and present development status of superconducting materials for
magnets (including HTS). Calculation of Jc of Nb3Sn
at B and T.
- An interactive program for computing some mechanical, electrical, and thermal
properties of materials commonly used in accelerator magnet construction.
Unit 3: Magnetic Design Methods for Accelerator Magnets
- Computing 2-D fields from current lines.
- How fields are calculated with current shells.
- The effect of the iron yoke on the magnetic field. Iron saturation effects.
- Methods for optimizing the magnetic design using multiple shells and wedges.
Calculating the optimum amount of superconductor.
- An interactive procedure for computing fields and multipoles in single layer
dipole and quadrupole coils with an optional wedge and yoke.
- Methods used to calculate the magnetic fields produced by cos q
type coil ends. End spacers and their design.
- Discussion of available public domain and proprietary software for calculating
magnetic fields in accelerator magnets.
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